Considering Time-dependent Factors in the Statistical Prediction of Water Main Breaks
نویسندگان
چکیده
The effective planning of water distribution system renewal requires accurate quantification of the structural deterioration of water mains. As typical water distribution systems comprise hundreds and even thousands of buried pipes, direct inspection of all of them is often prohibitively expensive. Identifying water main breakage patterns over time is an effective and inexpensive alternative to measure the structural deterioration of a water distribution system. Environmental and operational conditions exert stresses on the pipe. Pipe breakage occurs when these stresses exceed its structural resiliency. While the structural deterioration of the pipe is generally considered to be a steady, monotonous process, some of the environmental and operational stresses could be time-dependent, steady or transient. These stresses result in “noisy” breakage rate data sets that reduce the accuracy of establishing the underlying deterioration (ageing) patterns, especially in small data sets. If the cause of these random stresses can be identified and attributed to a measurable phenomenon (e.g., temperatures, precipitation, etc.), their “noisy” effect can be neutralised to obtain a more accurate pipe deterioration pattern. A method is presented to analyse how breakage rate patterns in water mains are affected by time-dependent factors. The method is versatile enough to consider any number of underlying causes but the solution becomes more complex as the number of causes increases. The method is demonstrated with three case studies that examine the effect of temperature, soil moisture, main replacement rates and cathodic protection rates on pipe breakage patterns. Finding the “true” deterioration rates of buried water mains will inevitably lead to a more accurate prediction of their useful life, which in turn will lead to a more efficient allocation of resources for water main rehabilitation and renewal. Résumé : Pour une planification efficace du renouvellement d’un système de distribution d’eau, il faut une quantification exacte de la détérioration structurelle des conduites d’eau. Étant donné que les systèmes de distribution d’eau type comprennent des centaines, voire des milliers de conduites souterraines, une inspection sur place de toutes les conduites coûterait trop cher. Une autre solution, efficace et moins chère, consiste à identifier les modèles de bris des conduites au fil du temps de façon à mesurer la détérioration structurelle d’un système de distribution d’eau. Les conditions environnementales et opérationnelles exercent des contraintes sur les conduites. Le bris d’une conduite a lieu lorsque les contraintes sont supérieures à la résilience structurelle. Alors que la détérioration structurelle d’une conduite est généralement considérée comme étant un processus régulier et uniforme, certaines contraintes environnementales et opérationnelles peuvent être temporelles, continues ou transitoires. Ces contraintes se traduisent alors par ensembles de données “bruitées” sur les taux de bris qui diminuent l’exactitude des définitions des modèles de détérioration (vieillissement) sous-jacents, plus particulièrement quand les données ne sont pas très nombreuses. Si la cause de ces contraintes aléatoires peut être identifiée et imputée à un phénomène mesurable (températures, précipitations, etc.), leur effet de “bruitage” peut être neutralisé afin d’obtenir des modèles de détérioration des conduites plus exacts. L’auteur présente une méthode pour analyser comment les facteurs dépendant du temps influent sur les modèles de taux de bris des conduites. Cette méthode est assez souple pour prendre en considération n’importe quel nombre de causes sous-jacentes mais la solution devient plus complexe au fur et à mesure que le nombre de ces causes augmente. Trois études de cas viennent démontrer cette méthode, analysant l’effet de la température, de l’humidité du sol, des taux de remplacement des conduites ainsi que des taux de protection cathodique sur les modèles de bris des conduites. Trouver les taux de détérioration “véritables” des conduites d’eau souterraines amènerait bien sûr à une estimation plus juste de leur vie utile, et donc une allocation des ressources plus judicieuse pour la réhabilitation et le renouvellement des conduites.
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تاریخ انتشار 2000